Diet for diabetes: a menu for a week, what you can and can not

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic endocrine pathology in which metabolism is disrupted due to deficiency or improper action of the hormone insulin.

Insulin -dependent diabetes (type 1) and non -insulin -dependent diabetes (type 2) are distinguished.

In the first case, the patient should inject the insulin preparation in an injection, because the hormones in their body are produced in insufficient quantities or are not present at all.

In the second type, the interaction of insulin with cells is disrupted.

Despite the different mechanisms in the development of pathology, the main role in its therapy is given to nutritional nutrition.

Dietary features for diabetics

In the past, the food inhibition system was the only way to curb hyperglycemia, or high glucose levels. Now the patient's diet has evolved significantly. Diabetics are advised to adhere to some important rules for effective blood glucose control.

Patients should not starve or overeat. This condition is dangerous to their health. You need to eat so that the amount of carbohydrates taken in is evenly distributed throughout the day.

General nutritional requirements:

• fractional feeding (at least 6 times a day);
• calculation of carbohydrates used;
• limiting animal fats;
• introduction of plant foods into the diet;
• preference for steamed foods, in the oven, boiled;
• avoid foods that increase carbohydrate load, or limit them;
• balanced diet;
• replacing sugar with substitutes;
• consumption of crude fiber foods;
• compliance with a drinking regime;
• reduce salt intake;
• alcohol elimination.

You can diversify your diet by buying equipment that allows you to cook food without oil.

In order for carbohydrates to be absorbed more slowly and not trigger a jump in the increase in blood sugar, it is advisable to adhere to the following recommendations:

1. Eat coarse or grainy foods, such as crushed grains instead of mashed or boiled ones.
2. Food should not be hot because temperature affects glucose uptake.
3. Fiber in foods prevents the absorption of simple carbohydrates and helps get rid of cholesterol.
4. Simple carbohydrates are best taken after a main meal.

The menu can include foods that contain simple carbohydrates with fiber, such as fruits and berries. Glucose absorption slows down if taken with protein (protein cream) or fat. However, do not forget that "slow" carbohydrates are also absorbed into the bloodstream, increasing sugar.

Differences in nutrition in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Since the causes of increased blood sugar in the first and second types of disease are different, there are several approaches to the diet of patients. For insulin -dependent patients, the diet is more varied. Because they experience this pathology more often at a young age, high -calorie foods are included in the diet. When compiling the diet, the unit of grain used is taken into account.

In type 2 diabetes, the main task of nutrition is weight loss. In this case, the menu is calculated according to the caloric content of the product. The patient's diet is more rigid. They are not allowed sugar, fatty foods and foods that raise cholesterol.

Bread unit

The concept of "bread unit" (XE) was introduced to take into account the quantitative composition of carbohydrates. For 1 XE, it is considered to be 25 g of bread or 12 g of sugar (carbohydrate). A bread unit diagram is required for diabetics to calculate a given short insulin.

1 XE requires 2-4 units. insulin. Individual needs for additional administration of insulin according to XE were determined using a self -control diary, which must be kept by the patient.

At one meal, diabetics should eat no more than 7 XE. The main carbohydrate load occurs in the first half of the day.

In order not to always calculate the unit of bread according to the weight of the product, we created a table of products taking into account its energy value.

What is the glycemic index of food

The glycemic index (GI) is an indicator that shows how much sugar in the blood can increase with the consumption of a particular product compared to taking glucose.

High GI foods (70 or more):

• love,
• glucose;
• sugar;
• mashed potatoes;
• sweet soda;
• sweets - corn stalks, puffed rice.

Average GI (56-69):

• watermelon;
• bananas;
• oatmeal;
• black bread.

The lowest GI has:

• dairy product;
• milk;
• fruits;
• beans, legumes, lentils, and other legumes.

The rate of absorption is influenced by cuisine, food integrity and temperature.

In diabetes mellitus, only moderate and low GI foods are allowed.

List of allowed and prohibited products

Dietary principles for diabetics with different types of diseases. However, there are dishes that endocrinologists do not recommend eating.

The list of prohibited foods includes:

• fries, fries, chips;
• sweet fruits - grapes;
• fatty meats;
• smoked meat;
• canned food in oil;
• pates;
• sweet curd, curd mass;
• sweet yogurt;
• margarine;
• white bread and white flour pastries;
• juice from the store;
• Soda;
• alcohol;
• candy, chocolate;
• jem;
• condensed milk;
• snacks.

Patients must fall in love with the following foods and beverages:

• mineral water;
• rosehip compote;
• vegetable juices;
• freshly squeezed juice from berries and sweet and sour fruits;
• citrus fruits without sugar;
• frozen and fresh berries;
• low -fat dairy products without sugar;
• diet meats - chicken, turkey, beef, rabbit meat;
• cabbage;
• beans;
• mushrooms;
• tomato;
• brinjal;
• green;
• asparagus;
• broccoli;
• milk;
• wholemeal baked goods;
• seafood;
• fish.

To reduce the starch content of vegetables and cereals, it is recommended to soak them before cooking.

Menu arrangement rules

When compiling the menu, it is worth considering not only the carbohydrate and caloric load of the food, but also the activities of diabetics. Exercise lowers blood sugar levels. In type 1 diabetes, it is recommended to eat 1 XE for every hour of physical activity. This will prevent you from changing your bolus insulin dose.

With obesity, dietitians help structure the diet by taking into account the energy content (calorie content) of food and daily energy expenditure during physical activity. The calculations take into account the gender, age and degree of obesity of the patient. It is permissible to arrange a fasting day (with type 2 diabetes). However, fasting is contraindicated in such patients.

During the preparation of the menu, the general condition of the diabetic is taken into account. Pregnant and lactating women, adolescents, and frail patients require protein intake. If the patient has renal or hepatic impairment, ketoacidosis, protein intake is reduced.

Do not forget about other nutrients involved in metabolism: vitamins, zinc, copper, manganese. Due to the patient's predisposition to pathology of the cardiovascular system, the salt content in the dish is reduced.

Sample menu for the week

Monday

• breakfast: buckwheat porridge, protein-bran bread with butter, tea;
• snacks: cabbage salad with eggs;
• lunch: chicken soup, vegetable salad with herbs, green beans with pieces of white meat, compote, diabetic rye bread;
• afternoon snacks: bread with yogurt;
• dinner: steamed zrazy with fish, rye bread, vegetable salad;
• snacks: fermented milk drinks.

Tuesday

• breakfast: oats, whole grain bread with butter, tea;
• snacks: parsley, onion and mushroom salad;
• lunch: bean soup, grilled chicken with vegetables, vegetable salad, cereal bread, drinks;
• afternoon snacks: fermented baked milk with biscuits;
• dinner: boiled fish with vegetables, cereal bread, juice;
• snacks: yogurt.

Wednesday

• breakfast: porridge "Artek", protein-bran bread with butter, coffee;
• snacks: celery, apple and carrot salad;
• lunch: borscht, buckwheat porridge with steamed pieces, sauerkraut salad, protein-bran bread, compote;
• afternoon snacks: cottage cheese with fruit;
• dinner: bigos with sauerkraut and meat, protein-bran bread, juice;
• snack: baked apples.

Thursday

• breakfast: eggs, rye bread with butter, tea;
• snacks: cottage cheese with yogurt;
• lunch: green borscht, baked eggplant with meat, tomato salad with low -fat sour cream, rye bread, compote;
• afternoon snacks: curd pudding with tea;
• dinner: boiled meat with vegetables, rye bread, drinks;
• snack: bread with kefir.

Friday

• breakfast: pearl barley porridge, whole grain bread with butter, tea (chicory, coffee);
• snacks: fruit salad with yogurt;
• lunch: fish soup, pieces of fish with vegetable garnish, bell peppers and cucumber salad, cereal bread, citrus drinks;
• afternoon snacks: bread with milk;
• dinner: cut steam with milk sauce, porridge, whole grain bread, lemonade;
• snacks: fruits.

Saturday

• breakfast: omelet with beef, protein-bran bread with cheese, tea;
• snacks: cottage cheese with berries;
• lunch: mushroom soup, porridge with boiled meat (baked), canned beans with onions and herbs, protein-bran bread, compote;
• afternoon snack: oatmeal biscuits with fermented baked milk;
• dinner: zucchini stuffed with meat, porridge, protein-bran bread, drinks;
• snacks: fermented baked milk.

Sunday

• breakfast: brown rice with minced meat and cabbage (cabbage rolls), rye bread with butter, tea;
• snacks: bread with yogurt;
• lunch: soup with meatballs, omelet with chicken, red cabbage salad, rye bread, drinks;
• afternoon snacks: kefir with biscuits;
• dinner: fish cake, baked potatoes, rye bread, drinks;
• snacks: biscuits with milk.

The experimental menu was compiled by a nutritionist. In the future, the diabetic himself adds to the diet, taking into account the recommendations of the doctor.

Meals are ready for diabetics

To eat properly with diabetes mellitus, you need to spend a lot of time and effort. Most diabetics don’t have enough time to compile menus and prepare meals properly, so now I want to tell you about the company Cryodieta, which helps make life easier for diabetics.

Cryodieta is a ready and tasty food delivery service not only for diabetics, but also for those who want to lose weight. The menu is prepared by competent specialists - nutritionists and doctors.

Thanks to the use of special technology "shock freezing", you just need to heat the food in the microwave or multicooker and enjoy a delicious meal. At the same time, freezing retains all the nutrients.

The main advantages of "Cryodiet":

• production of products in ecologically clean areas of the Novgorod region;
• delivery without delay in person;
• variety of food;
• shock freezing (storing food without preservatives);
• more affordable than competitors.

Examples of dishes

Ready-to-eat food delivery services for diabetics operate in large cities, so if you want to eat healthy diet food and don’t spend a lot of time, order a weekly menu on the official website.

Sugar substitutes

So that the patient does not suffer from a lack of sweets, sweeteners can be added to the dish. They are divided into three groups:

1. Carbohydrates - fructose, sorbose, xylitol, sorbitol, molasses.
2. Protein sweeteners - miraculin, monelin.
3. Synthetic - aspartame, sodium cyclamate.

Endocrinologists recommend using the natural sweetener stevia. The leaves contain glycoside complexes, which are 200 times sweeter than sugar. Sweeteners are beneficial for obesity, high cholesterol, and high blood sugar. Due to its ability to normalize metabolism, stevia helps restore liver antitoxic function.

Plant glycosides stimulate immunity, reduce sugar levels, and have beneficial effects on the digestive and endocrine systems. Drinks containing stevia extract correct cravings for sugary and fatty foods and help you lose extra pounds.

High blood sugar is not a death sentence for patients if you learn how to diet and use healthy sweets instead of sugar. Also, do not forget about mandatory consultation with an endocrinologist.